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Penetration testing, or pentesting, is a set of measures aimed at simulating a real attack on a network or application. The main goal of a pentester is to determine whether a potential attacker could breach the system. To do this, specialists attempt to gain unauthorized access to data or take control of the system themselves. The term "pentest" comes from the English "penetration testing," which literally translates to "testing for penetration." Here, penetration refers to gaining access to a system. It is incorrect to interpret "pen test" as "pen test" — this is a misinterpretation. During security testing, experts identify and analyze vulnerabilities that could lead to system failures or provide attackers with access to confidential information. They act as real attackers, using various methods to simulate a breach. <h2>Who Conducts Pentests?</h2> Specialists who perform pentests are called pentesters, penetration testers, or "white hat" hackers. To effectively simulate attacks on information systems, pentesters must possess skills similar to those used by hackers. These fields are closely related and fall under the umbrella of information security. Sometimes, pentests are conducted by a company's internal security team. However, in some cases, this is not advisable, as objectivity in testing requires that the specialist be unfamiliar with the network infrastructure. <h2>Why is Pentesting Needed?</h2> <ul> <li>Identifying Vulnerabilities: Detecting weak points in systems and networks.</li> <li>Threat Assessment: Understanding where an attack might come from and whether attackers could disrupt the system.</li> <li>Testing Defenses: Evaluating how the system handles various types of hacker attacks.</li> <li>Recommendations: Developing measures to address identified issues.</li> <li>Prevention: Preventing real attacks on systems.</li> <li>Data Protection: Ensuring the security and confidentiality of information, as well as maintaining network functionality.</li> </ul> Pentesting not only helps identify weaknesses but also develops strategies to strengthen defenses, making it a crucial tool in ensuring information security.

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